Austin Bradford Hill (1897-1991)
نویسندگان
چکیده
During the twentieth century, Austin Bradford Hill researched diseases and their causes in England and developed the Bradford Hill criteria, which comprise the minimal requirements that must be met for a causal relationship to be established between a factor and a disease. Hill also suggested that researchers should randomize clinical trials to evaluate the effects of a drug or treatment by monitoring large groups of people. In addition, Hill advocated for casecontrol studies, in which researchers compare a group of people with a medical condition to a group without that condition to investigate the condition's possible causes. Hill's own work with clinical trials and case-control studies helped him prove that smoking caused lung cancer. The Bradford Hill criteria have also been used to establish causal links between factors and cancer, including reproductive cancers such as human papillomavirus that causes cervical cancer.
منابع مشابه
On the origin of Hill's causal criteria.
The rules to assess causation formulated by the eighteenth century Scottish philosopher David Hume are compared to Sir Austin Bradford Hill's causal criteria. The strength of the analogy between Hume's rules and Hill's causal criteria suggests that, irrespective of whether Hume's work was known to Hill or Hill's predecessors, Hume's thinking expresses a point of view still widely shared by cont...
متن کاملPeople of Consequence
Sir Austin Bradford Hill, honorary fellow of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, dean of the school from 1955 to 1957, and professor of medical statistics from 1946 to 1961, died on 18 April 1991. With his death the country lost a man who has been described as the greatest medical statistician of the twentieth century, despite the fact that he held no degree in either medicine o...
متن کاملThe environment and disease: association or causation? 1965.
In 1965, Austin Bradford Hill published the article "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?" in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. In the article, Hill describes nine criteria to determine if an environmental factor, especially a condition or hazard in a work environment, causes an illness. The article arose from an inaugural presidential address Hill gave at the ...
متن کاملAssociation or causation of sugar-sweetened beverages and coronary heart disease: recalling Sir Austin Bradford Hill.
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Learning Hill-Climbing Functions as a Strategy for Generating Behaviors in a Mobile Robot
International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books, 1991. Learning Hill-Climbing Functions as a Strategy for Generating Behaviors in a Mobile Robot David Pierce Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX 78712 ([email protected]) Benjamin Kuipers Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Aust...
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